Lubricating oil



Patented Nov. 16, 1943 ICE LUBBJCATING OIL Bert E. Lincoln, Ponca City, Okla,

assignor, by

meme assignments, to The Lubri-Zol Development Corporation, tion of Delaware Cleveland, Ohio, a corpora- No Drawing. Application March 11, 1940,

Serial No. 323,381

2 Claims. (Cl. 252-48) My invention relates to lubricating oils and more particularly to an improved lubricating oil of high film strength.

This is a continuation in part of my copending application, Serial No. 70,163, filed March 21, 1936.

Certain compounds are adsorbed or absorbed by metals forming tenacious films at the surface of metals which are able to stand high pressures. X-ray diffraction methods have shown that compounds containing highly polar molecules, that is, molecules 'of unsymmetrical electrical character containing an atom or group of atoms exhibiting a secondary or residual valence, tend to produce regimentation of the molecules of hydrocarbon oil when added thereto. A metal immersed in a strongly polar compound will show a film of the compound in which there is a regimentation of molecules oriented with respect to the surface of the metal by which they are adsorbed or absorbed.

In general, my invention contemplates a hydrocarbon oil having added thereto a small amount of .an organometallic compound. The organometallic compounds may have an organic radical of the aliphatic or carbocyclic, or heterocyclic series. The metallic element of the compound may be any one of a number, of which the following are representative. For convenience, I shall list them in accordance with their occurrence in the periodic table:

Group I:

Lithium Sodium Potassium Rubidium Caesium Group II:

Magnesium Zinc Cadmium Mercury Group III:

Boron Aluminum Thallium Group IV:

Silicon Tin Lead Group V:

Arsenic Bismuth Antimony Group VI:

Tellurium Selenium The compound may contain, in the organic radical or attached to the metal, an additional element or combination of elements including the halogens. sulfur, nitrogenpor oxygen.

The organometallic compounds of this invention have a dual action in a lubricant. One action involves increased load-carrying ability and/or oiliness, while another action is directed to the stability of the lubricant. For load-carrying capacity, quantities ranging from 0.1 percent to about 10.0 percent must be added. As an anticorrosive agent and/or an antisludging agent, much smaller amounts must be used ranging from approximately 0.001 to 0.1 percent. The action of the organometallic compounds is specific but diflicult to understand. These compounds may be added to any type of hydrocarbon lubricants but show an unusual value in highly refined and solvent-treated lubricants.

In practice, it is better to employ compounds whose boiling point is above C. in order that the addition compound will not be evaporated or distilled in use.

Preferred examples of various compounds which might be used according to groups of the periodic system are as follows:

Group I:

Lithium isoamyl Lithium triphenylmeth Sodium benzyl Sodium phenyl Sodium triphenylmethyl Potassium triphenylmethyl Rubidium triphenylmethyl Caesium trlphenylmethyl Lithium chlorodibenzofurfuryl Sodium chlorophenoxyphenyl Potassium methoxychlorotriphenylmethyl Sodium chlorotriphenylmethyl sulfinate Group II:

Magnesium diphenyl Magnesium dipropyl Zinc di-isobutyl Zinc diphenyl Zinc dipropyl. Zinc methyl ethylate Cresyl phenyl zinc Cadmium di-isoamyl Cadmium diphenyl Cadmium di-cresyl Mercury butyl isoamy1 Mercury butyl phenyl Mercury dimesityl Mercury di-n-nitrophenyl Mercury diphenyl Mercury di-o-xylyl Mercury methyl phenyl Mercury phenyi benzyl Mercury phenyl mesityl Naphthyl mercuroiodide Phenyl mercury-2, 4-6,-trinitrophenyl N-propyl mercuric chloride Group III:

Boron phenyl' dichloride Boron trimethyl Boron triphenyi O-xylyl-boron oxide Aluminum triphenyl Aluminum tripropyi Diethyl thallium acetate Diethyl thallium nitrate. Diethyl thallium phosphate Diethyl thalliumtr ichloroacetate Diphenyl thallium acetate Diphenyl thallium chloride Diphenyl thallium oxide Di-p-tolyl thallium chloride Di-beta-chloroethyl thallium phosphate aseasee I is Di-beta chloroethyl thallium trichloroacetate Di (p-methyl-o-mercaptophenyl) -thallium chloride Group IV:

Silicon tetraphenyl 'rriphenylgermane Triphenylgermanol Tin di-isoamyl Tin dl-a-naphthyl Tin diphenyl Tin diphenyl amino-chloride Tin diphenyl dichloride Tin ethyl phenyl dichloride Tin isopropyl trichloride Tintetrabenzyl I Tin triethyl 1 Tintriphenvl Tin triphenyi chloride Lead dif-isobutyl 'dibr'omide Lead diethyl isobutyl isoamyl Lead diethyl dichloride Lead diethyl diphcnyl Lead diphenyl Lead diphenyl dichloride Lead diphenyl dinitrate Lead diphenyl oxide Diphenyl lead phosphate Lead diphenyl sulfide Lead tetraphenyl Lead triphenyl Lead triphenyl chloride Tin ethoxyethyl p-ethoxyphenyl dichloride 55 Tin isopropoxyisopropyl trichloride Tin triethoxyethyl chloride Lead di-isobutoxyisobutyl dibromide Tin triamyl bromocamphorsulionate Lead dichlorophenyl' sulfide Group V:

' Ethyl-dichloroarsine Diphenylstibine chloride Triethylstibine Triphenylstibine Bismuth trlethyl Di-a-naphthylchlorobismuth Diphen'yl chlorobismuthine Triphenyl bismuthine Dinaphthyl'propyl bismuthine Diphenyl chlorobismuthine 'di'sulionic acid Dithienyl chlcroarsir'ie Group VI:

Tellurium diphenyl Tellurium diphenyl dichloride Selenium diphenyl The above-series comprises a comprehensive list of compounds that may be used in'practicing my invention; however, I have iound'that those compounds containing halogen and oxygen or halogen and sulphur give the best results.

The organometallic compounds have varying degrees of solubility in hydrocarbon oil. In some cases, it is necessaryto'use a solvent for the compound or to form colloidal suspensions of the compound in oil.

The film strengths 01 solid and semisolid greases may be improved by the addition orsmall amounts of organometallic compounds thereto. The chemical purityof organometallic coinpounds ior use as extreme pressure addition agents is not critical. All that is important is that no corrosive contaminants be pesent. Mixtures of a number 01 organometallic compounds may be employed.

It will be understood that certain features and subcombinations are of utilityand may be employed without reference to. other features and subcombinations. This is contemplated by and is within the scope of my claims. It is further obvious that various changes may be made in details within the scope of my.-claims without departing from the spirit or my invention. It is therefore to be understood that my invention is not to be limited to the specific details shown and described. Having thus described my invention, I claim:

- -1. A lubricating oil comprising in combination a major proportion of a hydrocarbon oil and a minor proportion of a derivative of an organometallic compound having at least one carbonmetal bond and containing halogen and sulfur, both of which are in the organic radical. I

2. A lubricating oil comprising in combination a major proportion 01 a hydrocarbon oil and a minor proportion of a derivative of an organometallic compound having at least one carbonmetal bond and containing chlorine and sulfur, both of which are in the organic radical.

BERT H. LINCOLN. 

